iPTMnet Report for Q9UPN3 (MACF1)


Protein Information

Cytoscape View


UniProt AC / UniProt ID Q9UPN3 / MACF1_HUMAN
Protein Name Microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1, isoforms 1/2/3/4/5
Gene Name Name: MACF1
Synonyms:ABP620,ACF7;
Organism Homo sapiens (Human)

PRO ID PR:Q9UPN3
DAG View
PRO Name microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1 (human)
Definition A microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.
Short Label hMACF1
Category organism-gene

Interactive Sequence View

Select/align proteoforms across species


Q9UPN3 (MACF1) as Substrate



Site PTM Type PTM Enzyme Score Source PMID
S2 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S3 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S4 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S10 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S25 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y26 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S35 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S57 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K86 Acetylation PhosphoSitePlus
K86 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K152 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
Y236 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S280 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 21406692, 20068231, 24275569
Y294 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y378 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
C480 Methylation IEDB 31844290
T542 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 30379171, 29351928, 34725712, ...35254053
K555 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S559 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S560 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S563 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y706 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S747 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K812 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S814 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 24275569
C815 Methylation IEDB 31844290
S820 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S831 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S847 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K859 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S862 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K977 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S1073 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1076 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1077 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1122 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 23186163
S1124 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1191 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T1345 Phosphorylation IEDB 32387766
S1363 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1367 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 23186163
S1376 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 21406692, 23186163, 18669648, ...24275569, 19690332, 20068231
S1378 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1451 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 30379171
S1457 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 30379171
S1628 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1638 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1645 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K1702 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K1712 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K1731 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K1736 Acetylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1736 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S1744 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1746 Acetylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1746 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
R1749 Methylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1750 Acetylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1750 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T1785 Phosphorylation IEDB 32387766
K1892 Acetylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1892 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K1907 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K1923 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K1991 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
Y2003 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S2006 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 23186163
K2009 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2019 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T2020 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S2027 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S2051 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 23186163
K2054 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2069 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2091 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2107 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T2160 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S2172 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S2220 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T2238 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K2242 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S2248 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S2258 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S2262 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K2329 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2373 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2390 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2400 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2420 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S2426 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S2431 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S2479 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K2505 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S2517 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K2539 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2564 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2567 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2576 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2604 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2605 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2639 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2642 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S2647 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K2661 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2667 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2679 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2687 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2705 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2753 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2780 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2830 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2850 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2867 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K2881 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
Y2892 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S2893 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K2898 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T2920 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S2926 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S2933 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y3005 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S3016 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3019 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S3020 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3072 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T3111 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y3119 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3139 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
Y3151 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3159 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T3163 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3202 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
Y3206 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S3220 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S3222 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T3229 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S3269 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S3274 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3279 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K3282 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K3287 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T3290 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S3298 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S3331 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 23186163
S3334 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3390 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K3458 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K3484 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K3506 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K3513 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
C3627 Methylation IEDB 31844290
S3650 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3654 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S3657 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3678 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T3689 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3690 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S3692 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T3697 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3722 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T3791 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T3792 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y3795 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S3870 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S3913 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S3914 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S3927 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 18669648, 23186163, 20068231, ...24275569
S3929 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S3934 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3936 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
Y3980 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S4141 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S4144 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S4167 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K4306 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T4309 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S4323 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S4324 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 30379171, 29351928, 34725712, ...35254053
K4364 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S4371 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S4415 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K4448 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S4459 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S4476 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S4483 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S4490 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S4495 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 18669648
S4496 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 18669648, 23186163, 21406692
T4498 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T4502 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S4521 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 21406692, 23186163, 17081983, ...19690332, 20068231
T4562 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K4625 Sumoylation PhosphoSitePlus
T4646 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K4668 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T4673 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S4678 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K4689 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
R4789 Methylation PhosphoSitePlus
K4830 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S4836 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 23186163
S4962 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 21406692
S4969 Phosphorylation IEDB 35494241
S5009 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S5114 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
C5131 Methylation IEDB 31844290
T5327 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K5331 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K5381 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T5400 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K5422 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T5486 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K5535 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
Y5543 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T5587 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S5588 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S5592 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T5594 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T5621 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 30379171, 29351928, 34725712, ...35254053
S5718 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S5727 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S5736 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T5741 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S5808 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 23186163, 24275569
S5911 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S5912 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S5962 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S6032 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 24275569
K6160 Methylation PhosphoSitePlus
K6210 Acetylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 19608861
T6282 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S6293 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S6300 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S6353 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S6408 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S6410 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K6411 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T6412 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T6505 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S6545 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 30379171, 29351928, 34725712, ...35254053
K6554 Acetylation PhosphoSitePlus
K6604 Methylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y6608 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K6641 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T6715 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 30379171, 29351928, 34725712, ...35254053
T6715 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T6717 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 30379171, 29351928, 34725712, ...35254053
S6724 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S6732 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T6777 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 30379171, 29351928, 34725712, ...35254053
S6786 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 30379171, 29351928, 34725712, ...35254053
T6791 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 30379171, 29351928, 34725712, ...35254053
Y6944 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T6952 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S6960 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S6962 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S6967 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 18669648, 23186163
S6969 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T6972 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
R7016 Methylation PhosphoSitePlus
T7083 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7209 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T7213 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus 18847512
T7213 Phosphorylation P24941 (CDK2) PhosphoSitePlus 18847512
S7217 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7222 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 30379171, 29351928, 34725712, ...35254053
S7222 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   Signor 21295697
S7222 Phosphorylation P49841 (GSK3B) Signor 21295697
S7225 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 30379171, 29351928, 34725712, ...35254053
S7226 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7230 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   Signor 21295697
S7230 Phosphorylation P49841 (GSK3B) Signor 21295697
S7234 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   Signor 21295697
S7234 Phosphorylation P49841 (GSK3B) Signor 21295697
S7235 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7236 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7239 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7241 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7244 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
C7245 S-Nitrosylation dbSNO 26338901
S7247 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7250 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7251 Phosphorylation IEDB   PhosphoSitePlus 32387766
T7254 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 18669648
T7273 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7278 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7279 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 23186163
T7281 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7282 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 31373491
S7282 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T7287 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 31373491
S7288 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7290 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7291 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7292 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 18669648
S7295 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T7296 O-Glycosylation GlyGen 31373491
T7296 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7310 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   Signor 21295697
S7310 Phosphorylation P49841 (GSK3B) Signor 21295697
S7314 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   Signor 21295697
S7314 Phosphorylation P49841 (GSK3B) Signor 21295697
S7318 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   Signor 21295697
S7318 Phosphorylation P49841 (GSK3B) Signor 21295697
S7322 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   Signor 21295697
S7322 Phosphorylation P49841 (GSK3B) Signor 21295697
S7325 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7326 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   Signor 21295697
S7326 Phosphorylation P49841 (GSK3B) Signor 21295697
S7330 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   Signor   UniProt 23186163, 21295697, 18669648, ...24275569, 19690332
S7330 Phosphorylation P49841 (GSK3B) Signor 21295697
S7333 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7345 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
R7361 Methylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7367 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T7371 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7373 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K7375 Methylation PhosphoSitePlus
T7378 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S7380 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T7383 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Site PTM Type PTM Enzyme Score Source PMID
S33 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S35 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T42 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T212 Phosphorylation HPRD   PhosphoSitePlus 20068231
S280 Phosphorylation HPRD   PhosphoSitePlus 18510355, 18669648, 20068231
S292 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y294 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T518 Phosphorylation HPRD   PhosphoSitePlus 20068231
S862 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T885 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S898 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T901 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y962 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y1063 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y1146 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y1152 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y1343 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y1350 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y1357 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1367 Phosphorylation HPRD   PhosphoSitePlus 20068231
S1376 Phosphorylation HPRD   PhosphoSitePlus 18669648, 20068231, 18452278
S1377 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1378 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1583 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S1672 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S1860 Phosphorylation HPRD 19651622, 20166139, 18669648, ...17081983, 20068231
S1862 Phosphorylation HPRD 19651622, 17081983
S1867 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S2074 Phosphorylation HPRD 17287340
S2077 Phosphorylation HPRD 17287340, 20068231
S2428 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S2429 Phosphorylation HPRD 17322306, 18669648, 19664994
T2431 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
T2433 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
T2435 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S2454 Phosphorylation HPRD 19413330, 17322306, 18767875, ...19664994, 19664995, 18452278, 19651622, 18669648, 19415658, 20068231, 19691289
T3260 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3486 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S3495 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3527 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S3634 Phosphorylation HPRD 19664995
S3930 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S4444 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S4452 Phosphorylation HPRD 17081983
S5004 Phosphorylation HPRD 18077418
S5009 Phosphorylation HPRD 18077418, 18669648, 20068231
S5011 Phosphorylation HPRD 18077418, 18669648, 20068231
T5014 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S5289 Phosphorylation HPRD 19413330, 18669648
S5293 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
T5296 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S5299 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
T5323 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S5324 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S5330 Phosphorylation HPRD 19413330, 18669648, 18491316, ...20068231
S5332 Phosphorylation HPRD 19413330, 19664995, 20068231
S5333 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648, 19664995, 20068231
S5334 Phosphorylation HPRD 19413330, 18669648, 19664995, ...20068231
T5338 Phosphorylation HPRD 18491316, 20068231
S5372 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S5387 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S5392 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
Site PTM Type PTM Enzyme Score Source PMID
K3430 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S3439 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K3471 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus


PTM sites affected in variants

Site Variant Source PMID Disease [Sample source]
T42 I42 Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic ]
S292 L292 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
S862 N862 Biomuta [ cosmic ]
S898 F898 Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
Y1343 H1343 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
Y1343 * Biomuta DOID:363 / uterine cancer [ cosmic ]
S1367 F1367 Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
S1583 C1583 Biomuta DOID:10283 / prostate cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
S1867 A1867 Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic ]
K3486 E3486 Biomuta DOID:5041 / esophageal cancer [ cosmic ]
S3930 F3930 Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
S4444 T4444 Biomuta DOID:8618 / oral cavity cancer [ cosmic ]
S4452 T4452 Biomuta DOID:8618 / oral cavity cancer [ cosmic ]
S5293 F5293 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:1319 / brain cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
T5296 P5296 Biomuta [ cosmic ] DOID:1612 / breast cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:3571 / liver cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:2531 / hematologic cancer [ cosmic ]