TI - B19-VP1u increases the PHOSphorylation of ERK 1/2 and JNK . AB - To clarify the possible signaling pathways involved in the activation of macrophages by B19-VP1u , various signaling molecules including AKT-p , Erk1/2-p , p38-p , JNK-p and NF-kappaB ( p65 -p ) were examined . Notably , the PHOSphorylation of ERK 1/2 and JNK proteins was significantly increased in RAW264.7 cells that were stimulated with B19-VP1u as compared to those stimulated with B19-VP1uD175A or control ( Figure 3A and 3B ) . Additionally , significant decreases of PHOSphorylated ERK 1/2 and JNK proteins were observed in the presence of U0126 , an ERK inhibitor or SP600125 , a JNK inhibitor ( Figure 3A and 3B ) . However , no significant variations of AKT-p , p38-p and NF-kappaB ( p65-p ) , were observed in all experimental groups ( data not shown ) . Quantified results are shown in the lower panels of Fig 3A and 3B .