iPTMnet Report for P49815 (TSC2)


Protein Information

Cytoscape View


UniProt AC / UniProt ID P49815 / TSC2_HUMAN
Protein Name Tuberin
Gene Name Name: TSC2
Synonyms:TSC4;
Organism Homo sapiens (Human)

PRO ID PR:P49815
DAG View
PRO Name tuberin (human)
Definition A tuberin that is encoded in the genome of human.
Short Label hTSC2
Category organism-gene

Interactive Sequence View

Select/align proteoforms across species


P49815 (TSC2) as Substrate



Site PTM Type PTM Enzyme Score Source PMID
K3 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S6 Phosphorylation RLIMS-P 17671177
K7 Acetylation PhosphoSitePlus
K7 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K12 Acetylation PhosphoSitePlus
K16 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T23 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K34 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
C65 Methylation IEDB 31844290
K69 Acetylation PhosphoSitePlus
K69 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K72 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K106 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K128 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K144 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S188 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K250 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K258 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K438 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S540 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 15851026, 18308511
K634 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K658 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S664 Phosphorylation P28482 (MAPK1) , P27361 (MAPK3) phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus   RLIMS-P   Signor   UniProt 17671177, 26345496, 28286738, ...24705102, 15851026, 18308511, 21300751, 26844273, 27551480, 30073169
K704 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
R751 Methylation PhosphoSitePlus
T760 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K914 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S923 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T927 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 18669648
K930 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S932 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   RLIMS-P 30684133
S937 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T938 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S939 Phosphorylation P31749 (AKT1) , P31751 (AKT2) neXtProt   phospho.ELM   PRO   PhosphoSitePlus   RLIMS-P   Signor   UniProt 16862180, 12438239, 23955302, ...12867426, 36139422, 16636147, 28053105, 12150915, 18308511, 30629673, 27481935, 24612393, 20169078, 26742086, 29150487, 27557496, 27451907, 19593385, 26827808, 28092373, 30212583, 24529379, 28286738, 19505958, 12172553, 15342917, 19188143, 18451215, 30684133, 24316235
S946 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K954 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S960 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K964 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K967 Methylation PhosphoSitePlus
S981 Phosphorylation P31749 (AKT1) phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus   RLIMS-P   UniProt 16636147, 23186163, 15342917, ...18669648, 20169078, 32308763
S999 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1043 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K1058 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T1059 Phosphorylation IEDB 35494241
S1096 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus 18669648
S1097 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus 18669648, 18220336
K1106 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K1111 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
R1122 Methylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1130 Phosphorylation PRO   PhosphoSitePlus
S1132 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 18669648, 21406692
S1155 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 18669648, 19690332, 18220336
K1168 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
K1180 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
Y1186 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T1203 Phosphorylation Q13464 (ROCK1) RLIMS-P+ 21561859
S1217 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1242 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
Y1250 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1251 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S1252 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1254 Phosphorylation P49137 (MAPKAPK2) neXtProt   phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus   RLIMS-P   Signor 16636147, 26345496, 12582162, ...26844273, 17597835
K1262 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S1269 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T1271 Phosphorylation UniProt 14651849
S1304 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1334 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus 18669648
S1337 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 18669648
S1338 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 18669648
S1340 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1341 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus 18669648
S1346 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 23186163, 20068231
R1355 Methylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1364 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 23186163
S1365 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1371 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1375 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1379 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1383 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1385 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus 18669648
S1386 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus 18669648
S1387 Phosphorylation P54646 (PRKAA2) phospho.ELM   PRO   PhosphoSitePlus   RLIMS-P   Signor   UniProt 16959574, 29554968, 27557496, ...28286738, 15963462, 14651849, 28591720, 18669648, 30212583
S1388 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus 18669648
T1393 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus 18669648
S1411 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 18669648, 23186163, 17081983, ...24275569
S1418 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 15963462
S1420 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 18669648, 23186163, 15963462
T1422 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1427 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1448 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus 18669648
S1449 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus 18669648
S1452 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 18669648, 23186163
S1454 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
R1457 Methylation PhosphoSitePlus
R1459 Methylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y1461 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T1462 Phosphorylation P31749 (AKT1) , P31751 (AKT2) neXtProt   phospho.ELM   PRO   PhosphoSitePlus   RLIMS-P   Signor   UniProt 16862180, 17018601, 26345496, ...24797175, 22333157, 12867426, 26844273, 16636147, 12150915, 19265534, 30629673, 27481935, 20038548, 24612393, 20169078, 19690332, 27557496, 19593385, 21252047, 22879939, 21283628, 22685542, 15757502, 30212583, 24529379, 28286738, 19505958, 33273660, 12172553, 15342917, 18320306, 19188143, 23006675, 18308511
S1466 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1469 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y1571 Phosphorylation phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus 11290735
K1585 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S1647 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y1650 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1653 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1658 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S1684 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1689 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T1697 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1701 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
S1704 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1730 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y1736 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1739 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
C1755 Methylation IEDB 31844290
Y1760 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1761 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1764 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
K1775 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
T1780 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Y1788 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1798 Phosphorylation P51812 (RPS6KA3) , Q15418 (RPS6KA1) , Q9P1W9 (PIM2) neXtProt   phospho.ELM   PhosphoSitePlus   RLIMS-P+   RLIMS-P   Signor   UniProt 23818547, 15757502, 25889895, ...18308511, 32391118, 31756944, 15342917, 26844273, 19690332, 20068231
S1799 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus   UniProt 23186163
Site PTM Type PTM Enzyme Score Source PMID
S540 Phosphorylation P28482 (MAPK1) HPRD 15851026
Y602 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S608 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S664 Phosphorylation P28482 (MAPK1) HPRD 15851026
T927 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S939 Phosphorylation P31749 (AKT1) HPRD 15342917, 16636147, 12438239, ...18707149
S981 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1094 Phosphorylation HPRD 18691976
S1096 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1097 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1130 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S1132 Phosphorylation HPRD 17322306, 19651622, 18669648, ...18212344, 20068231
S1155 Phosphorylation HPRD 18691976, 18669648
S1254 Phosphorylation P49137 (MAPKAPK2) HPRD 12582162
S1259 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S1334 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1337 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1338 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1341 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1346 Phosphorylation HPRD 19651622, 20068231
S1364 Phosphorylation HPRD 18767875
S1385 Phosphorylation HPRD 18691976, 18669648, 20068231
S1386 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1387 Phosphorylation HPRD 19413330, 18669648, 15963462
S1388 Phosphorylation HPRD 19413330, 18669648
T1393 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1411 Phosphorylation HPRD 18691976, 18767875, 19651622, ...17322306, 18669648, 20068231
S1418 Phosphorylation HPRD 18691976, 15963462
S1420 Phosphorylation HPRD 19413330, 18669648, 15963462
S1447 Phosphorylation HPRD 17081983, 20068231
S1448 Phosphorylation HPRD 18691976, 18669648, 17081983
S1449 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1452 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648, 20068231
T1462 Phosphorylation P31749 (AKT1) HPRD 12150915, 15342917, 19664994
Y1571 Phosphorylation HPRD 11290735
S1798 Phosphorylation Q15418 (RPS6KA1) HPRD 15342917, 20068231
Site PTM Type PTM Enzyme Score Source PMID
K945 Ubiquitination PhosphoSitePlus
Site PTM Type PTM Enzyme Score Source PMID
S932 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S937 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S939 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1086 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1088 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1111 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1320 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1341 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
T1418 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1754 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1755 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Site PTM Type PTM Enzyme Score Source PMID
S1130 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1132 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1155 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1254 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1269 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1281 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1341 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1362 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
S1776 Phosphorylation PhosphoSitePlus
Site PTM Type PTM Enzyme Score Source PMID
Y602 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S608 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
T927 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S939 Phosphorylation HPRD 16636147, 18707149
S1050 Phosphorylation HPRD 18691976
S1052 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1053 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1086 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S1088 Phosphorylation HPRD 17322306, 19651622, 18669648, ...18212344, 20068231
S1111 Phosphorylation HPRD 18691976, 18669648
S1215 Phosphorylation HPRD 20068231
S1267 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1270 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1271 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1274 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1279 Phosphorylation HPRD 19651622, 20068231
S1297 Phosphorylation HPRD 18767875
S1318 Phosphorylation HPRD 18691976, 18669648, 20068231
S1319 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1320 Phosphorylation HPRD 19413330, 18669648, 15963462
S1321 Phosphorylation HPRD 19413330, 18669648
T1326 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1344 Phosphorylation HPRD 18691976, 18767875, 19651622, ...17322306, 18669648, 20068231
S1351 Phosphorylation HPRD 18691976, 15963462
S1353 Phosphorylation HPRD 19413330, 18669648, 15963462
S1380 Phosphorylation HPRD 17081983, 20068231
S1381 Phosphorylation HPRD 18691976, 18669648, 17081983
S1382 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648
S1385 Phosphorylation HPRD 18669648, 20068231
T1395 Phosphorylation HPRD 19664994
S1731 Phosphorylation HPRD 17081983, 20068231


Proteoforms

PRO ID (Short Label) Sites PTM Enzyme Source PMID
PR:000049554 (hTSC2/Phos:2) pS1387 PRO
PR:000049555 (hTSC2/Phos:3) pS939,pT1462 PRO
PR:000049556 (hTSC2/Phos:4) pS939,pS1130,pT1462 PRO


PTM-dependent PPI

PTM type Substrate Site Interactant Association type Source PMID
Phosphorylation P49815 (TSC2) T1462 P49815 (TSC2) inhibited_association eFIP 12867426


PTM sites affected in variants

Site Variant Source PMID Disease [Sample source]
K7 T7 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ]
K12 N12 Biomuta DOID:363 / uterine cancer [ icgc ]
K16 N16 Biomuta DOID:363 / uterine cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
K72 I72 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ]
K72 T72 Biomuta DOID:363 / uterine cancer [ icgc ]
K106 * Biomuta DOID:3571 / liver cancer [ cosmic ]
S188 I188 Biomuta DOID:2531 / hematologic cancer [ cosmic ]
S188 R188 Biomuta DOID:363 / uterine cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
S540 F540 Biomuta [ cosmic ]
Y602 H602 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:10534 / stomach cancer [ cosmic ]
R751 Q751 Biomuta DOID:11054 / urinary bladder cancer [ cosmic ]
R751 * Biomuta DOID:1793 / pancreatic cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:1319 / brain cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:263 / kidney cancer [ cosmic ]
T927 I927 Biomuta [ cosmic ]
S932 N932 Biomuta DOID:363 / uterine cancer [ cosmic ]
S937 R937 Biomuta DOID:10534 / stomach cancer [ cosmic ]
K945 E945 Biomuta DOID:3571 / liver cancer [ cosmic ]
S946 I946 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:1612 / breast cancer [ cosmic ]
K967 M967 Biomuta DOID:1324 / lung cancer [ cosmic ]
S999 T999 Biomuta DOID:1324 / lung cancer [ cosmic ]
S1050 L1050 Biomuta DOID:363 / uterine cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:1324 / lung cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:1612 / breast cancer [ cosmic ]
T1059 P1059 Biomuta DOID:10534 / stomach cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:2531 / hematologic cancer [ cosmic ]
S1086 C1086 Biomuta DOID:1324 / lung cancer [ cosmic ]
S1088 L1088 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ]
S1094 L1094 Biomuta DOID:363 / uterine cancer [ cosmic ]
S1111 F1111 Biomuta DOID:1612 / breast cancer [ cosmic ]
R1122 C1122 Biomuta DOID:2531 / hematologic cancer [ cosmic ]
S1130 C1130 Biomuta DOID:1324 / lung cancer [ cosmic ]
S1132 L1132 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ]
S1155 F1155 Biomuta DOID:1612 / breast cancer [ cosmic ]
K1168 * Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic ]
K1180 E1180 Biomuta DOID:1612 / breast cancer [ cosmic ]
S1215 N1215 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ]
K1242 E1242 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ]
S1259 N1259 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ]
K1262 N1262 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ]
S1267 R1267 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ]
S1271 * Biomuta DOID:1612 / breast cancer [ cosmic ]
S1274 N1274 Biomuta DOID:363 / uterine cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
S1297 F1297 Biomuta DOID:1793 / pancreatic cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic ]
S1318 F1318 Biomuta DOID:1324 / lung cancer [ cosmic ]
S1319 I1319 Biomuta DOID:1793 / pancreatic cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:363 / uterine cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
S1320 F1320 Biomuta DOID:1793 / pancreatic cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic ]
S1334 R1334 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ]
S1338 * Biomuta DOID:1612 / breast cancer [ cosmic ]
S1341 N1341 Biomuta DOID:363 / uterine cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
S1341 F1341 Biomuta DOID:1324 / lung cancer [ cosmic ]
S1351 * Biomuta DOID:3571 / liver cancer [ cosmic ]
S1353 L1353 Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic ]
S1353 * Biomuta DOID:263 / kidney cancer [ cosmic ]
S1362 F1362 Biomuta DOID:1324 / lung cancer [ cosmic ]
S1364 F1364 Biomuta DOID:1793 / pancreatic cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic ]
S1365 L1365 Biomuta DOID:10283 / prostate cancer [ cosmic ]
S1379 L1379 Biomuta DOID:8618 / oral cavity cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:11054 / urinary bladder cancer [ cosmic ]
S1382 C1382 Biomuta DOID:1612 / breast cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
S1385 F1385 Biomuta DOID:1324 / lung cancer [ cosmic ]
S1386 I1386 Biomuta DOID:1793 / pancreatic cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:363 / uterine cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
T1395 I1395 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ]
T1418 I1418 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ]
S1418 * Biomuta DOID:3571 / liver cancer [ cosmic ]
S1420 * Biomuta DOID:263 / kidney cancer [ cosmic ]
S1420 L1420 Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic ]
S1427 R1427 Biomuta DOID:11054 / urinary bladder cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
S1449 C1449 Biomuta DOID:1612 / breast cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
R1457 Q1457 Biomuta DOID:10534 / stomach cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
R1459 * Biomuta [ cosmic ] DOID:1319 / brain cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:263 / kidney cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:1612 / breast cancer [ cosmic ]
R1459 Q1459 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ]
T1462 I1462 Biomuta DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ]
S1466 L1466 Biomuta DOID:4362 / cervical cancer [ icgc ] DOID:8618 / oral cavity cancer [ cosmic ]
Y1650 C1650 Biomuta DOID:263 / kidney cancer [ cosmic ]
S1653 Y1653 Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic ]
S1653 F1653 Biomuta DOID:4362 / cervical cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
S1704 C1704 Biomuta [ cosmic ]
S1730 P1730 Biomuta [ cosmic ] DOID:1115 / sarcoma [ icgc ]
S1731 F1731 Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic, icgc ] DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:10534 / stomach cancer [ cosmic ] [ cosmic ]
S1731 C1731 Biomuta DOID:1324 / lung cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
K1739 Q1739 Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic ]
S1754 C1754 Biomuta DOID:1324 / lung cancer [ cosmic ]
S1754 F1754 Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic ]
S1755 L1755 Biomuta DOID:1612 / breast cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:1793 / pancreatic cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:1324 / lung cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic, cosmic ] DOID:9256 / colorectal cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:363 / uterine cancer [ cosmic ] DOID:10534 / stomach cancer [ cosmic ]
Y1760 C1760 Biomuta DOID:2531 / hematologic cancer [ cosmic ]
S1764 N1764 Biomuta DOID:1612 / breast cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
S1776 L1776 Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic ]
S1798 C1798 Biomuta DOID:1324 / lung cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
S1798 F1798 Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic, icgc ]
S1799 L1799 Biomuta DOID:4159 / skin cancer [ cosmic ]